什么是WEB标准？
December 29th, 2006 by 奇遇
WEB标准
WEB标准不是某一个标准，而是一系列标准的集合。网页主要由三部分组成：结构（Structure）、表现（Presentation）和行为（Behavior）。对应的标准也分三方面：结构化标准语言主要包括XHTML和XML，表现标准语言主要包括CSS，行为标准主要包括对象模型（如W3C DOM）、ECMAScript等。这些标准大部分由W3C起草和发布，也有一些是其他标准组织制订的标准，比如ECMA（European Computer Manufacturers Association）的ECMAScript标准。我们来简单了解一下这些标准：
1．结构标准语言
（1）XML
XML是The Extensible Markup Language(可扩展标识语言)的简写。目前推荐遵循的是W3C于2000年10月6日发布的XML1.0，参考（www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-XML-20001006 ）。和HTML一样，XML同样来源于SGML，但XML是一种能定义其他语言的语。XML最初设计的目的是弥补HTML的不足，以强大的扩展性满足网络信息发布的需要，后来逐渐用于网络数据的转换和描述。关于XML的好处和技术规范细节这里就不多说了，网上有很多资料，也有很多书籍可以参考。
（2）XHTML
XHTML是The Extensible HyperText Markup Language可扩展标识语言的缩写。目前推荐遵循的是W3C于2000年1月26日推荐XML1.0（参考 http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1）。XML虽然数据转换能力强大，完全可以替代HTML，但面对成千上万已有的站点，直接采用XML还为时过早。因此，我们在HTML4.0的基础上，用XML的规则对其进行扩展，得到了XHTML。简单的说，建立XHTML的目的就是实现HTML向XML的过渡。
2. 表现标准语言
CSS是Cascading Style Sheets层叠样式表的缩写。目前推荐遵循的是W3C于1998年5月12日推荐CSS2（参考 http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/）。W3C创建CSS标准的目的是以CSS取代HTML表格式布局、帧和其他表现的语言。纯CSS布局与结构式XHTML相结合能帮助设计师分离外观与结构，使站点的访问及维护更加容易。
3.行为标准
（1）DOM
DOM是Document Object Model文档对象模型的缩写。根据W3C DOM规范（ http://www.w3.org/DOM/），DOM是一种与浏览器，平台，语言的接口，使得你可以访问页面其他的标准组件。简单理解，DOM解决了Netscaped的Javascript和Microsoft的Jscript之间的冲突，给予web设计师和开发者一个标准的方法，让他们来访问他们站点中的数据、脚本和表现层对像。
(2) ECMAScript
ECMAScript是ECMA(European Computer Manufacturers Association)制定的标准脚本语言（JAVAScript）。目前推荐遵循的是ECMAScript 262（ http://www.ecma.ch/ecma1/STAND/ECMA-262.HTM）。
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借此机会，推荐网页设计师网站： http://www.w3cn.org 学习WEB标准，这里是权威。
Posted in 关注web | 11 Comments »
我就学会了Html，哈哈
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